How To Gather And Analyze Data To Determine Most Efficacious Timing Of Changejournal Article5/9/2021
What if the variable of interest is categorical or if the changes over time are qualitative in nature 5.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mo Wang, Warrington College of Business, Department of Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.E-mail: mo.wangwarrington.ufl.edu.
Vandenberg, Longitudinal Research: A Panel Discussion on Conceptual Issues, Research Design, and Statistical Techniques, Work, Aging and Retirement, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, Pages 124. Using a panel discussion format, the current authors address 13 questions associated with 3 aspects of longitudinal research: conceptual issues, research design, and statistical techniques. These questions are intentionally framed at a general level so that the authors could address them from their diverse perspectives. The authors perspectives and recommendations provide a useful guide for conducting and reviewing longitudinal studies in work, aging, and retirement research. ![]() Such discussions would help researchers to make more informed decisions about longitudinal research and to conduct studies that would both strengthen the validity of inferences and avoid misleading interpretations. In this article, using a panel discussion format, the authors address 13 questions associated with three aspects of longitudinal research: conceptual issues, research design, and statistical techniques. These questions, as summarized in Table 1, are intentionally framed at a general level (i.e., not solely in aging-related research), so that the authors could address them from diverse perspectives. The goal of this article is to clarify the conceptual, methodological, and practical issues that frequently emerge in the process of conducting longitudinal research, as well as in the related journal review process. Thus, the authors perspectives and recommendations provide a useful guide for conducting and reviewing longitudinal studiesnot only those dealing with aging and retirement, but also in the broader fields of work and organizational research. Conceptually, what is the essence of longitudinal research 2. What is the status of time in longitudinal research Is time a general notion of the temporal dynamics in phenomena, or is time a substantive variable similar to other focal variables in the longitudinal study 3. What are the procedures, if any, for developing a theory of changes over time in longitudinal research Given that longitudinal research purportedly addresses the limitations of cross-sectional research, can findings from cross-sectional studies be useful for the development of a theory of change Research design 1. What are some of the major considerations that one should take into account before deciding to employ a longitudinal study design 2. Are there any design advantages of cross-sectional research that might make it preferable to longitudinal research That is, what would be lost and what might be gained if a moratorium were placed on cross- sectional research 3. In a longitudinal study, how do we decide on the length of the interval between two adjacent time points 4. As events occur in our daily life, our mental representations of these events may change as time passes. How can we determine the point(s) in time at which the representation of an event is appropriate How can these issues be addressed through design and measurement in a study 5. What are the biggest practical hurdles to conducting longitudinal research What are the ways to overcome them Statistical techniques 1. With respect to assessing changes over time in a latent growth modeling framework, how can a researcher address different conceptual questions by coding the slope variable differently 2. In longitudinal research, are there additional issues of measurement error that we need to pay attention to, which are over and above those that are applicable to cross-sectional research 3. When analyzing longitudinal data, how should we handle missing values 4. Most of existing longitudinal research focuses on studying quantitative change over time.
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